Earth-scraper.



A. R. MISKIN.

EARTH SCRAPER- APPLICATION FILED OCTL 2l. |915.

1,269,484. I IIIIUIIIIII .IIIIIII II, 1,918.

2 SHLE'TS SHEET l.

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Mm mi wwf/w A. R. IVIISKIN.

EARTH SCRAPER.

mmc/WON FILED OCT M1915,

l ,269,484. PmenredJune Il, 15H8.

2 SHEETS SHEET 2.

ARTHUR RI MISKIN, 0F IDAHO FALLS, IDAHO.

EARTH-somma.

To al? 'whom t may concern: Be it known that I, ARTHnn RfM'rsKIN, a citizen vof the United States. residing at Idaho Falls, in the county ofBingham and State of Idaho, have invented certain new and useful lmprovements in Earth-Scrapers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to earth scraping machines'or apparatus suchV as are used-in grading and road construction, particularly yto wheeled scrapers, and has for its object tion, the near wheel being removed and theA parts held in the positions they? occupy normallywhen the apparatus is moving from place to place but lnot at work.'

`Fig. 2 is a plan View of the apparatus.

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the apparatus, the parts bein represented in the positions they occupy w en scraping, and loading the scoop. v

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the apparatus representing the 4scoop completely in inverted position and supported by the run-l ners 11.

Fig. 5 represents the parts in the positions occupied when thescoop is discharging its load. v

The main draft frame of the apparatus consists preferably ofthe rectangular framework 2 to the frontportion of which the draft devices 3 are secured and which is supported above the ound, as by means of the wheels 4- and ax e 5 on which the wheels ar'e mounted, the latter being supported in the rear portion of the frame. This is repd resented 'as being made of angle iron, suitably braced at its corners, although its speciic construction in this respect is not a fea. ture of the invention. The draft frame 2 extends forwardly and inclines downwardly from the axle 5, normally occupying about the position indicated in Fig. 1 when .the scoop is loaded and the apparatus is 4being moved from place to place. The scoop of the apparatus is designated 6. It is plvotally supported from the frame 2 by arms 7 secured fast to the scraper and preferably curved as represented in Fig. 2, and have i Specication of Letters Patent.

" midway between its ends.

Fatented Junetgt.

Application led October 21, 1915. Serial No. 57,214.

bearings at their upper ends in brackets or supporting pieces 8 provided therefor and secured tol the frame on an intermediate transverse line located `preferably about A pair of runners 11 are secured to the scoop, extending above and in front thereof when the scoop is 1n position of rest with its bottom 28 resting upon the surface of the ground as represented in Fig. l. These runners are adapted to hold the scoop above the ground when it is inverted to discharging position. The

arms 7 and the frame of the machine are at approximately the center of the space bounded by the runners 11 and the rear of the scoop, an' arrangement that permits the points of pivotal connection, 27, between the scoop easily to .turn completely over or rotate about pivots 27 as a center, as it will `do if left free and the supporting frame is moved forward over the ground. In a Inachine or apparatus with the parts arranged as described, that is to say, having the supporting frame extending forwardly and inclined downwardly from the main axle, and with the draft attachments secured to its front lower portion, and thescoop supported on lan intermediate linebetween the ends of the frame., under normal conditions the scoop when loaded will not be raised entirely oli" the surface of the ground when the machine is being moved forward.- It

will be understood, however,'that while the scoop rests uponv the surface of the ground when the apparatus is in transit it does so but lightly. Most of the weight is carriedI by the supporting frame.` The draft of the team applied-to the frame tends to lift the forward end of the latter and with it the scoop, but `the parts of the machineA are so related that under normalconditions of use the machine will move forward, under. draft, before the scoop is lifted free from the surface of the ground. The contact with the surface of the ground causes the scoop to turn over when free to do,v so, and advantage is. taken of this tendency, as will be later pointed out, Ywithout making it necessary that the'team be stopped or that the lever of the scoop be changed-prior to the beginning of the tilting movements.

12 designates the seat of the machine, and 13, the standard by which it isvsupported, .the latter rising from and beingcarried by the rear cross piece 14 ofthe main framelf The latter is preferably separable, being held in place by removablebolts 15, so that when the operator does not care to use the seat the latter and with it the cross piece' l14 may be removed.

16 designates a bracket carried by the front cross bar of the frame, to which is pivotally united a link 17. A lever 18,

`herein called the holding lever, is pivoted at its front endA to the link 17 and extends thence rearward to a position conveniently v ,reached by a person occupyin the seat 12.

`The. holding lever is provide with a stop piece 19 adapted to engage with `a cross bar 2 0'-extending between the runners'll, and prevent the scoop from tiltin forward and maintaining it in substantia ly horizontal position, ,Suche as indicated in Fig. 1,-the

position it vnormally occupies when" the machine is being moved from place to place with the scoop lightly resting on the ground.v

The link 17 is extended upwardly beyond the point of its connection, 21, with the holdto lie side by side, approximately parallel,

and the handles by which they are manipulated preferably extend outwardly in opposite directions so that each lever may be conveniently manipulated without interfering with the other.

24 designates a latch ivoted to the hold-l ing lever 1 8 and adapte to engage withthe cross bar 2O onv its rear side, that is, on the side opposite that withwhich the stop piece 19( engages when the parts are in the position .indicated in Fig. 1 thus lholding. the scoop :securely in a substantially horizontal pos1- tion.

The various positions that the parts of the apparatus may occupy and the manner of operating it may now be stated. In Fig. -1, as has been said, the scoop is represented as being held substantially horizontal,-1-the position it occupies when being moved from place to place. To maintain it in this posi-p` vtion the holding leveris moved downward v until the stop 19 comes into engagement with the front edge of the 4cross bar.20 and thev latch l24 is in engagement with thefrear thereof. At the Sametime thecontrol lever `23yoccupies its lowermost position,l in en-A gagement with ythe stop 25 carried by thev holdinglevenv This position of the control lever causes thelink 17 toassume theinclined position represented, its upper2v 'end `beingmrried rearward andvts low'e end? forward, with the result that the supporting .draft frame is movedforward relative yto theholding lever, which is now holding the scoop from tilting through its engagement with the runners 111. This relationlship of v the parts insures that the scoop shall be held with its bottom approximately parallel withy the earth surface. bottom of the scoop may be caused to incline upwardly toward theffront-when the parts occupy the positions stated, since the link 17 andthe parts with which it is ccnl nected are constructed so as to permit the desired adjustments by shifting kthe respective pivotal connections between these parts, as represented in the drawings. I have If desired the found it advantageous to arrange the parts so that the scoop is not entirely lifted from,y

the'surface ofthe ground when being moved from place to place asit lessens the labor required in operating the apparatus, causes it to move steadily and smoothly without swaying of the scoop when in transit, and permits the apparatus to berapidly oper? ated. `The moment the team comes to a stop the scoop gently `comes to rest upon the surface of the ground. without the necessity of the adjustment or manipulation of any parts by the operator. The parts being' in the positions shownin Fig. 1,let itbe supposed that the scoop is empty and itis desired to'll it with eartlr. The holding lever remains in its lower position, holding the scoop against freely 'swinging upon .its pivotal supports, while the control lever is swung upward and forward into the position indicated in Fig. 3. This movement of the controllever rocks the link 417, which now becomes a lever, about its pivotal con nection 21 as a fulcru'm, causing a relative shifting of the positions of the supporting frame and the holding lever, the latter moving forward relatively to the former, and,`

its connection with the -scoop bein maintained, the latter is slightly tilted an caused Fig. 3, the front cutting edge 10 being then in engagement with the earth and the bottom 28 of the scoop inclined upwardly andk rearwardly; so that a forward movement of the machine as a whole will result-in causing' the earth to be scraped up vand the scoop loaded; and this operation takes place without necessitating ythe operator giving any attention to the position of the scoop, since that is determined by the levers and associated parts, as has been described. Af

, ter the scoop is loaded the 'operating lever is restored to normal position, substantially parallel with the holdinglever and in engagement with thestop 25, again bringing the parts to the position indicated in Fig. 1, when the load may lbe taken to where it is to` be discharged. To accomplish a discharge of the scoop, the holding lever 18 is 110 to assume the inclined position indicated in incense lifted far enough to cause the stop piece 19 to disengage from the cross bar 20. The. scoop is now free and rests upon the ground y scoop with the edge 10 some distance above the ground surface and its bottom or door so inclined that the earth lcontained therein will be discharged. In Fig. 5 l have represented thel holding lever as having been lowered,-after having been raised to release the scoop, and the latter having rotated sufficiently far to carry the cross-bar beyond the stop 19,-so that when the rear edge 26 vof the scoop comes up under the holding lever it passes the latch 24C, which rises to permit this, and is arrested by the stop 19, the parts being then held in the discharging position indicated, which insures a relatively slow discharge of the material scraped up, such aswould be employed if it were desired that the material should bedeposited in a comparatively thin layer. lf a quick discharge is desired the holding lever is not lowered until after the rear edge 26 of the scoop has passed the stop 19, which permits thel scoop to turn completely over, as represented 1n Fig. 4.

With the parts of the apparatus arranged and combined as described not only may the' parts be made to assume the several positions illustrated in the drawings,. but by judicious manipulation of the holdingand control levers an operator may cause them to assume otherpositions such as the requirements met with in the use of the apparatus may suggest; It is thought, however, that the capabilities of the apparatus have been sufficiently set forth to present the invention. It will be understood thatsome of the movements ofthe holding lever :carry Withit the control lever, as for instance',

The frame 2 is'formed of tWo parts that overlap each other as indicated at 29, Where theyare securely united by bolts. or other means that permit of easy separatlon. The wheels and cross aXle are carried by the rear portion of the frame, while the scoop has` pivotal connection with the frontpart thereof. It is sometimes found desirable to operate the'machine without supporting wheels,

in which event they` and the rear part of the framev to which they are united are detached lfrom the front part. The machine then-becomes a Walking scoop, that is, one in which the person operating it walks. If sold Without the rear section of the frame, the supporting wheels and drivers seat, the cost of the machine is materially reduced.

1. ln 'an earth scraper, the combination with ground Wheels, of a draft frame pivotally supported at its rear by the ground wheels, its` forward end being freely movable vertically, draft connections at the said forward end of the frame, a scoop. pivotally supported directly by the said frame and arranged under working conditions to rest upon the ground, an adjustable holding le! ver pivoted to the vdraft frame 'and arranged to be connected with the scoop for positively holding the latter, and means for adjusting and maintaining the holding lever so that the scoop while in contact with the ground, 1s either in an inclined position forat will, leaving it free to be turned over' by reason of its contact withthe ground, when the'scraper as a whole is moved forward.

2. In an earth scraper, the combination with ground wheels, of a draft frame supported by the wheels, a scoop pivotall-y supported by the frame and adjustable means pivotally united with the frame at a point distant from the line' of .the pivot of the scoop, the meansbeing adapted to be connected with the scoop and arranged to positively hold the latter, while in contact with the ground, either in an inclined position for loading or in an 'approximately horizontal position fortransrt, accordingly as theI means are adjusted, the said means being arranged to be disconnected from the scoopl at will leaving'it free to be turned over by reason of its contact With the ground when the scraperA as a whole is moved forward.

3. In an earth scraper, the combination of a wheel-supported draftv frame,l a scoop pivotally mounted in the frame and adapted to rest upon the ground whereby as the scraper as a whole is drawn forward the scoop is tilted to discharging position, a

lever supported by the frame and adapted' to hold the scoop against --freely tilting, and means for shifting the lever and its fulcrum bodily. relative to the frame While it is holdf ing the scoop, whereby the angularv position of the scoop ischang'ed while being held from freely tilting.

4. 1n an earth. scraper, the combination of a supporting draft frame, a scoop suspended therein so asto be freev to be tilted to discharging position, a l lever pivotally supported by` the draft frame and adapted iso.

' 5 mounted in the frame and arranged to be suspendedtherein with its center of gravity p.

to' hold the scoop against tilting with its bottom substantially parallel with the survface of the ground, or to release the scoop permitting it to tilt todischarge, accordingly as the lever is adjusted, and a controly ylever for shifting the relations of the fulcrum'of the said lever .to the draft. frame at will, whereby the scoop may be moved to scraping position while held against free- ,j

dom to tilt. l

5. In an earthv scraper, the combination of a supporting draft frame, a scoopsusv pended therein so as when free it may be 6. 'In an -earth tilted to` discharging position, a linkl pivotally supported near one end by themain frame, a lever pivotally connectedwiththe said link between its ends, and adapted to hold the scoop against tilting, a'control lever pivoted to the said holding lever, and a link therefrom, and by which the scoop may be vsupported when inverted, a lever mounted on a; fulcrum carried by the supporting frame', intereng'aging parts between the said runners and the 4holding lever whereby when .the'latter is moved into one pssition the scoop is held against freely tilting, and When-moved to another positiondisengage-- ment takes place and the scoop is `left free `to tilt, and means for shifting lthe fulcrum of the said holding lever with reference to thesupporting frame wherebythe angular position of the-scoop may be changed while it is held against freely tilting'.

t 7. In an earth scraper, the combination of a supporting frame, a'scoop pivotally below the frame, al runner secured tothe scoopand-extending aboveA it, the scoop being adapted toturn over and be supported by the said runner for discharging its contents, and adjustable means supported by the frame and arranged to be brought into connection withthe said runner for positively holding the scoop against tilting, or

lto be disconnected from the said runner to lreleasev the scoop vandpermit it to tilt for discharging. f

8. In an earth scraper, the combination of a supporting frame,v a scoop pivotally mounted in the frame and arranged to be suspended therein'with its center of gravity below the frame, a runner securedto the scoop and extending above'4 it, the scoop being adapted to turn over and be supported by the said runner for discharging'its contents, adjustable means supported by the -frame and arranged .to be brought into connection with the said runner for positively 'holding the scoop against tilting, for to be disconnected from the said runner to vrelease* the scoop and permit it to tilt 'fordischarging, and means yfor shifting the said holding means while in holding connection with the said runner, whereby the angular position ofthe scoop in thev frame is changedv while it is held against freely tilting.

9. In an earth scraper, the combination of a supporting frame, a scoop pivotally v mounted in the frame and arranged to be suspended therein with Aits center of gravity below the frame, a pair of runners secured to the scoop and extending above it, a crossbar uniting the runners, and means for 'hold-- ing the scoop against freely turning on its pivots, supported inthe frame and arranged to engage with the cross-bar vuniting the said runners, .l n

10. In an earth Scraper, the combination ofv a supporting frame, a scoop pivotally suspended therein so as to be free to turn` over so as to discharge its contents, the scoop y being located so as, under conditions ofloading and transit, to rest'upon the surface of the ground, draft devices connected with the frame in front of and below the pivotal point of suspension of4 the scoop, wheels for supportingtthe frame connected therewith in rear of and above the pivotal points of support of the scoop,'and means for holding at. will, the scoop rigidly in working position and against tilting.:

11. In an earth scraper, the combination .of a rigid supporting frame formed oftwo separable portions securely united', a cross axle upon which are supporting wheels, se-v cured to the rear separable portion of the said frame, a scoop pivotally supported in the front portion of the said frame, means supported by the forward portion of the frame arranged to hold the scoop against turning on its pivots and to control its movements and angular relations while working, and draft devices connected wlth thel forward portionof the frame.

ARTHUR R. MISKIN. 

